How to Define Driver In Pytest?

In pytest, a driver can be defined using the @pytest.fixture decorator. A driver is typically referred to as an instance of a web browser that is used to automate interactions with a web application during testing. By defining the driver as a fixture, you can easily instantiate and configure the driver before running each test function that requires it. This allows you to write clean and maintainable test code that is isolated and reusable. Additionally, defining the driver as a fixture can help manage the setup and teardown of the driver instance, ensuring that the driver is properly initialized and cleaned up after each test.

How to perform cleanup operations on the driver in pytest?

In pytest, you can perform cleanup operations on the driver by using a fixture with the finalizer option. Here is an example of how you can perform cleanup operations on the driver in pytest:

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import pytest
from selenium import webdriver

@pytest.fixture(scope='function')
def driver(request):
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    
    def fin():
        driver.quit()
    
    request.addfinalizer(fin)
    
    return driver

def test_example(driver):
    driver.get('http://www.example.com')
    assert 'Example Domain' in driver.title

In this example, we create a fixture named driver that initializes a Chrome driver before each test function. We then define a finalizer function fin() that quits the driver after the test function has been executed. The request.addfinalizer(fin) line adds the finalizer function to the request object, ensuring that the cleanup operation is performed after the test function has finished.

By using fixtures with finalizers in pytest, you can ensure that cleanup operations are automatically performed on the driver after each test function is executed.

How to handle driver exceptions in pytest?

To handle driver exceptions in pytest, you can use the pytest.mark.xfail marker to mark the test as expected to fail due to a driver exception. Here are the steps to handle driver exceptions in pytest:

1. Import the pytest library:

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import pytest

1. Use the pytest.mark.xfail marker to mark the test function that is expected to raise a driver exception:

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@pytest.mark.xfail
def test_driver_exception():
    # Code that causes the driver exception
    assert False

1. Run the test using the pytest command in the terminal:

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pytest test_module.py

1. The test will be marked as expected to fail and the test result will show that the test was skipped due to an expected failure.

By using the pytest.mark.xfail marker, you can handle driver exceptions in pytest and still run the test suite without the exceptions causing the entire test run to fail.

How to customize the driver settings in pytest?

To customize the driver settings in pytest, you can use fixtures or hooks provided by pytest-selenium plugin. Here is an example of how you can customize the driver settings:

1. Install pytest-selenium plugin:

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pip install pytest-selenium

1. Create a fixture to customize the driver settings in your pytest test file:

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import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def driver(request, selenium):
    driver = selenium
    # Customize driver settings here
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    driver.maximize_window()
    
    def quit_driver():
        driver.quit()
    
    request.addfinalizer(quit_driver)
    
    return driver

1. Use the fixture in your test functions:

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def test_custom_driver_settings(driver):
    driver.get('https://www.google.com')
    assert 'Google' in driver.title

1. Run your tests using pytest:

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pytest test_example.py

By using fixtures and hooks provided by pytest-selenium, you can easily customize the driver settings in pytest for your Selenium tests.

How to access driver properties in pytest?

To access driver properties in pytest, you can use the request fixture provided by pytest. This fixture gives you access to the current test item (i.e., the test function or method being executed) and its associated driver object. Here's an example of how you can access driver properties in a pytest test function:

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import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def driver(request):
    driver = # code to initialize your WebDriver object
    yield driver
    driver.quit()

def test_driver_properties(driver):
    # Accessing driver properties
    print(driver.title)
    print(driver.current_url)
    # Add more assertions or actions using driver properties as needed

In this example, the driver fixture is defined to initialize a WebDriver object before each test function and quit the driver after each test. The test_driver_properties function takes the driver fixture as an argument and accesses properties of the driver object, such as title and current_url.

You can then run your test function using pytest as usual, and it will output the driver properties that you accessed within the test function.

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pytest test_module.py